PG Diploma in Diabetology

Everyone has heard of diabetes. But how much do you really know?

Diabetes or Diabetes Mellitus is a type of metabolic disorder characterized by prolonged periods of high blood sugar levels. Diabetes mellitus is a varied condition that damages many organ systems and affects approximately 415 million people worldwide.PG Diploma in Diabetology

Types Of Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes is of three main types:

— Type I: This is also known as juvenile diabetes and is a result of insufficient insulin production by the pancreas.

— Type II: Accounting for about 90% of all cases of diabetes, type II diabetes mellitus is defined by insulin resistance which means that insulin receptors on cells do not respond to insulin.

— Gestational Diabetes: This is seen in pregnant women who do not have a prior diagnosis of diabetes. It is theorized that gestational diabetes is caused by hormonal changes during pregnancy.

What Is Neuropathy?

Neuropathy refers to a condition in which there is damage or disease affecting the nerves. Nerves control both movement and sensation, so depending on the type of nerve affected (motor, sensory, or mixed), there can a number of varied signs and symptoms such as weakness, numbness, tingling sensation, etc.

It can affect a single nerve or many nerves simultaneously and it can be a chronic or acute condition.

How Is Neuropathy Related To Diabetes?

It may seem far-fetched that diabetes can affect nerves but this is one of the most common and most debilitating complications of diabetes.

It is theorized that diabetes causes damage to nerves by altering the function of the small blood vessels that supply the nerves. The excessively high levels of glucose in the blood are thought to cause damage to the covering of the nerves. This covering called the myelin sheath helps in the conduction of impulses along the nerve cell and from one nerve cell to another.

Damage to the myelin sheath results in reduced or slowed conduction of impulses in the nerves which gives rise to the various symptoms of diabetic neuropathy.

It can affect any nerves: motor, sensory, or mixed. Usually, diabetic neuropathy first starts in the feet and then progresses to other regions of the body.

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